Torque Calculator
Calculate torque from force and distance, or convert between torque units instantly.
Input Values
Force Diagram
Enter a torque value in any unit and see all conversions instantly.
Wrench Extension Calculator
Calculate the adjusted force needed when using a pipe or extension on your torque wrench.
Extension Setup
Common Torque Specifications
Reference values for common automotive and mechanical applications. Always verify with manufacturer specifications.
About Torque
Torque is a measure of rotational force. It represents how much a force acting on an object causes that object to rotate around an axis or pivot point. Torque is fundamental in mechanical engineering, automotive repair, and any application involving fasteners or rotating machinery.
The Torque Formula
The basic formula for calculating torque is:
T (Torque) = F (Force) x r (Distance)
Where the force is perpendicular to the lever arm (distance from the pivot point). The lever arm principle explains why a longer wrench makes it easier to loosen a tight bolt: the same applied force generates more torque at a greater distance.
Why Proper Torque Matters
- Safety: Under-torqued wheel lug nuts can come loose while driving. Over-torqued bolts can snap under stress.
- Prevent Damage: Excessive torque can strip threads, crack housings, or warp gasket surfaces.
- Ensure Sealing: Proper torque on head bolts and flange bolts ensures even pressure for gaskets and seals.
- Component Lifespan: Correctly torqued fasteners distribute stress evenly and prevent premature failure.
- Warranty Compliance: Many manufacturers require proper torque for warranty coverage.
Torque vs. Tightness
Many people confuse "tight" with "torqued." A bolt can feel tight but still not have the correct torque. Proper torque ensures the fastener is stretched to the correct amount, creating the ideal clamping force without exceeding the bolt's elastic limit. This is why torque wrenches are essential for critical applications.
Types of Torque Wrenches
- Click-Type: Makes an audible click when the set torque is reached. Most common and affordable.
- Beam-Type: Uses a pointer on a scale. No calibration needed but harder to read.
- Digital: Electronic display shows exact torque. Often includes memory and multiple units.
- Dial-Type: Analog gauge shows torque. Good for precise work.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is torque?
How do you calculate torque?
What units is torque measured in?
How do you convert ft-lbs to Nm?
What is the difference between torque and force?
Why does a wrench extension affect torque?
What torque is needed for car lug nuts?
What happens if you over-torque a bolt?
Privacy & Limitations
- All calculations run entirely in your browser -- nothing is sent to any server.
- Results are computed using standard formulas and should be verified for critical applications.
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Torque Calculator FAQ
What is torque?
Torque is a rotational force that causes an object to turn around an axis. It measures how much a force acting on an object causes that object to rotate. Torque is calculated by multiplying the force applied by the distance from the pivot point (lever arm).
How do you calculate torque?
Torque is calculated using the formula: Torque = Force x Distance. For example, if you apply 50 pounds of force to a wrench that is 1 foot long, you generate 50 ft-lbs of torque.
What units is torque measured in?
Common torque units include Newton-meters (Nm) in the metric system, foot-pounds (ft-lbs) in the imperial system, and inch-pounds (in-lbs) for smaller values. You may also see kilogram-centimeters (kg-cm) or kilogram-meters (kg-m).
How do you convert ft-lbs to Nm?
To convert foot-pounds to Newton-meters, multiply by 1.35582. For example, 100 ft-lbs equals approximately 135.58 Nm. To convert Nm to ft-lbs, divide by 1.35582.
What is the difference between torque and force?
Force is a push or pull measured in newtons or pounds. Torque is a rotational force that depends on both the force applied and the distance from the pivot point. The same force applied at a greater distance creates more torque.
Why does a wrench extension affect torque?
A wrench extension (like a pipe over the handle) increases the lever arm distance. This means you need to apply less force to achieve the same torque. Using a torque wrench with an extension requires adjusting your target force to avoid over-torquing.
What torque is needed for car lug nuts?
Most passenger cars require 80-100 ft-lbs (108-136 Nm) for lug nuts. SUVs and trucks may require 90-120 ft-lbs (122-163 Nm). Always check your vehicle's manual for the exact specification.
What happens if you over-torque a bolt?
Over-torquing can strip threads, stretch or break the bolt, warp the component, or crack brittle materials. Under-torquing can result in the fastener loosening over time, leading to leaks or component failure.